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Neck injuries caused by traffic accidents increase by years, timely and effective treatment can greatly reduce the mortality rate. This paper summarized the characteristics, image features, evoked potential detection and serum markers detection of neck injury caused by traffic accidents. Then, the condition of injuries was comprehensively considered and analyzed, and the priorities were correctly judged. The injuries were classified and treated. It is conducive for the attending doctors to carry out precise individualized first aid and surgical treatment for the patients, in order to save lives to the maximum extent, reduce disabilities, and prevent and treat post traumatic stress disorders.
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Objective:To explore the effect of gradual dural decompression(GDD)in preventing intraoperative encephalocele in severe traumatic brain injury (TBI).Methods:A retrospective case-control study was conducted to analyze the clinical data of 78 patients with severe TBI admitted to Affiliated Hospital of North Sichuan Medical College from January 2015 to October 2018, including 55 males and 23 females, aged 15-68 years with an average age of 38.2 years. Thirty-eight patients were treated by GDD (GDD group). During the operation, the hematoma was cleared by opening a window in the area with more hematoma, then gradually cleared in the area without opening a window. Finally, the dural "junction" was cut and the skull was closed quickly after covering the dural patch. The other 40 patients were operated by fast open dural (FOD) operation (FOD group). The incidence of intraoperative encephalocele, intracranial pressure data at the time, 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days after operation, incidence of delayed intracranial hematoma and glasgow outcome score (GOS) at 3 months after operation were compared between the two groups.Results:All patients (except for 26 deaths) were followed up for 3-14 months, with an average of 8 months. None had intraoperative encephalocele in GDD group, compared to 8 patients in FOD group ( P<0.05). Intracranial pressure in GDD group was respective (18.4±3.6)mmHg, (20.4±4.0)mmHg, (27.7±4.6)mmHg and (28.3±4.5)mmHg at the time, 24 hours, 72 hours and 7 days after operation, showing no significant differences compared to FOD group [(19.1±3.4)mmHg, (20.9±3.9)mmHg, (27.0±3.5)mmHg, (27.6±3.4)mmHg, respectively] ( P>0.05). There was no significant difference in the incidence of delayed intracranial hematoma between the two groups [16% (6/38) in GDD group and 16% (5/32) in FOD group (except 8 cases of intraoperative encephalocele)] ( P>0.05). Three months after operation, the good rate of GOS score of GDD group was 61% (23/28) higher than that of FOD group [28% (11/40)], and the mortality rate of GDD group was 21% (8/38) lower than that of FOD group [45% (18/40)] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the two groups in medium severe disability and plant survival rate ( P>0.05). Conclusions:For patients with severe TBI, compared with FOD, GDD is more effective in reducing the incidence of intraoperative encephalocele, improving the prognosis and decreasing mortality.
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OBJECTIVE@#To investigate the effects of Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) on the functional status of Kupffer cells (KCs) and immune environment after liver transplantation and explore the possible mechanisms.@*METHODS@#KCs were isolated from rats and assessed for phagocytic activity and viability using ink and Trypan blue staining. The cells were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) alone or in combination with PNS treatment at 0, 10 or 20 μmol/L. The expressions of the inflammatory factors and the oxidative stress products in the cells and the supernatant were assayed with Western blotting and ELISA; the expression of CD206 was detected using immunofluorescence assay, and the expressions of NF-κB and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathway proteins were detected using Western blotting. We established an orthotopic liver transplantation (LT) model in rats and assessed the effect of 200 mg/kg PNS on the graft function, inflammatory factors, pathology of the liver tissue, hepatocyte apoptosis and survival time of the rats in comparison with those in rats receiving a sham operation or PBS treatment following LT.@*RESULTS@#Treatment with PNS significantly lowered the levels of inflammatory factors and oxidative stress products and increased the levels of interleukin-10 (IL-10) and SOD in a concentration-dependent manner in the KCs ( < 0.05). Immunofluorescence assay showed that PNS treatment obviously increased the expression of CD206 in the KCs. PNS treatment also significantly reduced the expressions of IRAK4, p-IKK, p-IκB, p-p65 and Keap1 proteins and increased the expression levels of Nrf2 and ARE proteins in the KCs ( < 0.05). In the rat models of LT, PNS treatment significantly improved the liver graft function, lowered the expression of the pro-inflammatory factors, and reduced hepatocyte apoptosis as compared with PBS treatment. PNS treatment obviously alleviated pathological changes in the liver graft and significantly prolonged the survival time of the rats following LT ( < 0.05). In addition, injection of GdCl to block KC function resulted in severe acute graft rejection in the rats regardless of PNS treatment ( > 0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#PNS can reduce inflammatory response and oxidative stress in activated KCs by inhibiting NF-κB and Keap1-Nrf2-ARE pathways and promote the polarization of KCs into M2 phenotype to prolong the survival time of rats after LT.
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Animals , Rats , Graft Rejection , Kelch-Like ECH-Associated Protein 1 , Liver , Liver Transplantation , NF-E2-Related Factor 2 , Panax notoginseng , SaponinsABSTRACT
Objective To systemically evaluate the different on the incidence of cardiovascular events of platelet aggregation inhibitors ticagrelor and clopidogrel for acute coronary syndrome (ACS),so provide cardiovascular event reference for the selection ofACS platelet inhibitors.Methods Articles were collected according to the inclusion criteria from the database CNKI,Chongqing VIP,Taylor & Francis Open Access Journals,Wanfang,Cochrane Library,SinoMed,EMbase and PubMed from Jan.2000 to May 2017.Review Manager 5.3 was used for data analysis to get the odds ratio (OR) as final effect value.Publication bias of the literatures and the sensitivity of the study were also analyzed with the software.Results A total of 12 articles involving 86 849 patients were included,i.e.,8 random controlled trials,2 case control studies and 2 cohort studies.Quality assessment with Cochrane handbook for systematic reviews shows that,most studies gave low risks in 7 bias aspects.Jadad score assessment was employed in 8 random controlled trials,with 4 studies getting 3 points,3 getting 4 points and 1 getting 5 points,implying the significant quality of the included studies.Meta-analysis showed that compared with clopidogrel,significantly lower cardiovascular mortality (OR=0.80,95％CI:0.72-0.89,P＜0.01) and incidence of myocardial infarction (OR=0.78,95％CI:0.61-0.99,P＜0.05)were with ticagrelor.Conclusion Compared to clopidogrel,ticagrelor may lead to lower cardiovascular mortality and incidence of myocardial infarction in treatment of ACS.
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Objective To investigate ultrasound features of port-wine stains (PWS),and to evaluate the diagnostic value of ultrasound imaging.Methods A total of 128 patients with pathologically or clinically confirmed PWS (162 lesions),who were also subjected to ultrasound examination,were collected from Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine between January 2015 and January 2016.According to ultrasound findings,these PWS lesions were divided into 3 types:flat type,hypertrophic type and nodular type,and the ultrasound features were retrospectively analyzed.Results For 95 patients with flat PWS (118 lesions),the skin thickness was significantly higher in the lesion areas than in the normal areas,but most of the thickness difference was less than 0.2 mm.Of the 118 lesions,79 (67％) showed hypoechoic areas,75 (64％) showed no blood flow signal,and the vein spectrum was detected in 15,with a peak of (3.33 ± 1.80) cm/s.For 17 patients with hypertrophic PWS (24 lesions),the lesion areas showed significantly increased skin thickness compared with the normal areas (1.80 ± 0.70 mm vs.1.14 ± 0.43 mm,t =6.834,P ＜ 0.001).All (100％) of the 24 lesions showed hypoechoic areas,low blood flow signals were observed in 15 (62％),and the vein spectrum was detected in 18 lesions,with a peak velocity of (6.61 ± 3.87) cm/s.For 16 patients with nodular PWS (20 lesions),the skin thickness in the lesion areas was (6.45 ± 4.68) mm.Of the 20 lesions,18 (90％) showed hypoechoic areas,and abundant blood flow signals were observed in 15 (75％).Additionally,the vein spectrum was detected in 15 lesions,with a peak velocity of (10.00 ± 5.39) cm/s,and the artery spectrum was detected in 19 lesions,with a systolic peak velocity of (24.58 ± 13.82) cm/s and a resistance index of 0.59 ± 0.13.The skin lesions was significantly thicker in the hypertrophic PWS group and nodular PWS group than in the flat PWS group (both P ＜ 0.05),and significantly thicker in the nodular PWS group than in the hypertrophic PWS group (P ＜ 0.05).The peak velocity of vein spectrum significantly differed among the 3 groups (F =10.630,P ＜ 0.001),and was significantly higher in the hypertrophic PWS group and nodular PWS group than in the flat PWS group (both P ＜ 0.05).However,no significant difference was observed between the hypertrophic PWS group and nodular PWS group (P ＞ 0.05).Conclusion Ultrasonography is,to a certain extent,valuable in the diagnosis of PWS.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood,with a high heritability about 60％ to 90％.Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Numerous studies have reported the association between the serotonin receptor family (5-HTR) gene polymorphisms and ADHD,but the results are still controversial.In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis of the association between 5-HTR1B,5-HTR2A,and 5-HTR2C genetic variants and ADHD.The results showed that the 861G allele of 5-HTR1B SNP rs6296 could significantly increase the risk of ADHD (OR=1.09,95％ CI:1.01-1.18);the 5-HTR2C gene rs518147 (OR=1.69,95％ CI:1.38-2.07) and rs3813929 (OR =1.57,95％ CI:1.25-1.97) were all associated with the risk of ADHD.In addition,we also carried on a casecontrol study to explore the relevance between potential candidate genes 5-HTR 1 A,5-HTR1E,5-HTR3A and ADHD.The results indicated that 5-HTR1A rs6295 genotype (CC+CG vs.GG OR=2.00,95％ CI:1.23-3.27) and allele (OR=1.77,95％ CI:1.16-2.72) models were statistically significantly different between case group and control group.This study is the first comprehensive exploration and summary of the association between serotonin receptor family genetic variations and ADHD,and it also provides more evidence for the etiology of ADHD.
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Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is one of the most common mental disorders in childhood,with a high heritability about 60％ to 90％.Serotonin is a monoamine neurotransmitter.Numerous studies have reported the association between the serotonin receptor family (5-HTR) gene polymorphisms and ADHD,but the results are still controversial.In this study,we conducted a meta-analysis of the association between 5-HTR1B,5-HTR2A,and 5-HTR2C genetic variants and ADHD.The results showed that the 861G allele of 5-HTR1B SNP rs6296 could significantly increase the risk of ADHD (OR=1.09,95％ CI:1.01-1.18);the 5-HTR2C gene rs518147 (OR=1.69,95％ CI:1.38-2.07) and rs3813929 (OR =1.57,95％ CI:1.25-1.97) were all associated with the risk of ADHD.In addition,we also carried on a casecontrol study to explore the relevance between potential candidate genes 5-HTR 1 A,5-HTR1E,5-HTR3A and ADHD.The results indicated that 5-HTR1A rs6295 genotype (CC+CG vs.GG OR=2.00,95％ CI:1.23-3.27) and allele (OR=1.77,95％ CI:1.16-2.72) models were statistically significantly different between case group and control group.This study is the first comprehensive exploration and summary of the association between serotonin receptor family genetic variations and ADHD,and it also provides more evidence for the etiology of ADHD.
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Objective@#To evaluate the effectiveness of mumps prevention and control after implementation of two doses mumps-containing combined vaccine (MuCV) policy by analyzing epidemiological characteristics of mumps and mumps antibody levels in general population.@*Methods@#We obtained data on cases of mumps reported during 2004-2015 from National Notifiable Diseases Reporting System (NNDRS). Descriptive analysis methods were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of mumps during 2004-2015. MuCV immunization information from 2005 to 2015 was obtained from the immunization information management system in Shandong Province. Antibody data of mumps in healthy people were from a cross-sectional survey according to the principle of stratified random sampling from 0 to 60 years old healthy people in 2015. Commercial ELISA kits were used to detect and quantify human IgG antibodies against mumps virus in sera, and the results were analyzed statistically.@*Results@#The average incidence of mumps from 2004 to 2015 was 11.43/100 000 in Shandong. The incidence of mumps in the central region (14.64/100 000) was higher than that in the eastern and western regions (11.14/100 000, 11.33/100 000). The incidence of mumps was still high in 2009-2013 (stage of one-dose MuCV free, 16.07/100 000) with the highest incidence of 25.33/100 000 and 24.45/100 000 occurred in 2012 and 2013 and the cases were mainly 6 to 9 years old group (172.67/100 000). Since the second dose MuCV was introduced into NIP for 6 years old children in May 2013 in Shandong, the incidence of mump decreased significantly in 2014-2015 (7.81/100 000), especially in children of 6-8 years old who were vaccinated with two doses of MuCV (2009-2013 was 114.02/100 000; 2014-2015 was 45.66/100 000) and lower than 3-5 years old vaccinated one doses of MuCV. A total of 1 785 serum samples were collected from the healthy population, the average seroprevalence was 80.62% and Geometric Mean Concentration (GMC) was 38.11 IU/ml (95%CI: 37.03-39.19 IU/ml) . There was no significant difference about seroprevalence in different regions, while the GMC in middle region was significantly higher compared to east and west region. The prevalence and GMC in children aged 19 months-2 years and 3-5 years old who received one dose of MuCV were significantly higher than those of <19 months old children. The GMC (46.88 IU/ml, 95%CI: 39.43-55.74 IU/ml) in children aged 6-9 years old who received the two doses MuCV was significantly higher than that of aged 3-5 years old children (31.71 IU/ml, 95%CI: 27.23-36.93 IU/ml).@*Conclusion@#The incidence of mumps in Shandong was still at a high level in spite of coverage one doses MuCV to children. Compared with the period of the 1 dose MuCV immunization strategy, the incidence the groups coverage two doses MuCV was significantly reduced and lower the groups coverage one dose MuCV, but the prevalence and GMC were higher than that of the groups coverage one dose MuCV.
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With total flavonoid content and dry extract yield as the observation indexes, the optimal extraction conditions of Moringa oleifera leaves were determined by using single factor test and orthogonal test, and cyclophosphamide modeling method was used to establish immunosuppressed mice models, so as to investigate the effects of M. oleifera leaves extract on immune regulation in mice. The results showed that the optimal preparation conditions were as follows: extraction with 70% ethanol, material-liquid ratio 1:15, extraction temperature 80 °C, three times, 1.5 hours for each time. Under these conditions, the content of total flavonoids from M. oleifera leaves was 15.64 mg·g⁻¹, which can significantly enhance macrophage phagocytosis and immune organ index, promote the synthesis of serum immunoglobulin IgG and hemolysin, and decrease AST activity, with regulation effect on immune dysfunction.
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<p><b>Background</b>Sleep disturbance is one of the major non-motor symptoms which cause the disability of Parkinson's disease (PD) patients. Cystatin C (CysC) is a more sensitive biomarker than serum creatinine or estimated glomerular filtration rate. Previous studies have reported altered CysC levels in neurodegenerative disorders and sleep disorders. This study aimed to explore the correlations of serum CysC levels and objective sleep disturbances in early PD.</p><p><b>Methods</b>We recruited 106 early PD patients and 146 age- and sex-matched controls. All participants underwent clinical investigation and video-polysomnography. Sleep parameters and serum levels of CysC were measured. Then, we investigated the relationships between CysC and clinical variables and objective sleep disturbances in early PD patients.</p><p><b>Results</b>The mean serum level of CysC was significantly higher in patients with early PD (1.03 ± 0.19 mg/L) compared to controls (0.96 ± 0.15 mg/L, P = 0.009). There were significantly positive correlations between serum CysC levels and age (r = 0.334, P < 0.001), gender (r = 0.264, P = 0.013), and creatinine levels (r = 0.302, P = 0.018) in early PD patients. Increased serum CysC levels in early PD patients were significantly associated with higher apnea and hypopnea index (AHI) (r = 0.231, P = 0.017), especially hypopnea index (r = 0.333, P < 0.001). In early PD patients, elevated serum CysC levels were positively correlated with oxygen desaturation index (r = 0.223, P = 0.021), percentage of time spent at oxygen saturation (SaO) <90% (r = 0.644, P < 0.001), arousal with respiratory event during sleep (r = 0.247, P = 0.013). On the contrary, the elevated serum CysC levels were negatively correlated with mean and minimal SaO(r = -0.323, -0.315, both P = 0.001) in PD patients.</p><p><b>Conclusions</b>The level of serum CysC was higher in early PD patients. PD patients with elevated serum CysC levels had more respiratory events and more severe oxygen desaturation. Therefore, the serum CysC levels may predict the severities of sleep-disordered breathing problems in early PD patients.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cystatin C , Blood , Glomerular Filtration Rate , Physiology , Parkinson Disease , Blood , Polysomnography , Sleep Wake Disorders , BloodABSTRACT
Objective@#To investigate the mRNA and protein expressions of outer dense fiber 2 (ODF2) in the sperm of the asthenospermia patient and their differences from those in normal healthy men.@*METHODS@#According to the WHO criteria, we collected semen samples from 45 asthenozoospermia patients and 15 normal healthy volunteers. Using computer-assisted sperm analysis (CASA), we divided the semen samples from the asthenospermia patients into a mild, a moderate and a severe group, and determined the mRNA and protein expressions of ODF2 in different groups by RT-PCR and Western blot.@*RESULTS@#Compared with the normal healthy men, the expression of the ODF2 gene showed no statistically significant difference in the mild asthenospermia group (1.112 0 ± 0.525 5 vs 0.688 0 ± 0.372 0, P >0.05) but remarkably decreased in the moderate (0.483 3 ± 0.186 3, P 0.05), but markedly lower than in the moderate (0.145 4 ± 0.053 6, P <0.05) and severe asthenospermia patients (0.122 7 ± 0.045 7, P <0.01), which was consistent with the results of RT-PCR.@*CONCLUSIONS@#Decreased mRNA and protein expressions of ODF2 in the sperm are positively correlated with declined sperm motility of the asthenospermia patient, which is suggestive of the involvement of the ODF2 gene in the regulation of sperm motility.
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Humans , Male , Asthenozoospermia , Metabolism , Case-Control Studies , Down-Regulation , Heat-Shock Proteins , Genetics , Metabolism , RNA, Messenger , Metabolism , Semen Analysis , Sperm Motility , Sperm Tail , Spermatozoa , MetabolismABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Both Parkinson's disease (PD) and multiple system atrophy (MSA) have associated sleep disorders related to the underlying neurodegenerative pathology. Clinically, MSA with predominant parkinsonism (MSA-P) resembles PD in the manifestation of prominent parkinsonism. Whether the amount of rapid eye movement (REM) sleep without atonia could be a potential marker for differentiating MSA-P from PD has not been thoroughly investigated. This study aimed to examine whether sleep parameters could provide a method for differentiating MSA-P from PD.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>This study comprised 24 MSA-P patients and 30 PD patients, and they were of similar age, gender, and REM sleep behavior disorder (RBD) prevalence. All patients underwent clinical evaluation and one night of video-polysomnography recording. The tonic and phasic chin electromyogram (EMG) activity was manually quantified during REM sleep of each patient. We divided both groups in terms of whether they had RBD to make subgroup analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>No significant difference between MSA-P group and PD group had been found in clinical characteristics and sleep architecture. However, MSA-P patients had higher apnea-hypopnea index (AHI; 1.15 [0.00, 8.73]/h vs. 0.00 [0.00, 0.55]/h, P = 0.024) and higher tonic chin EMG density (34.02 [18.48, 57.18]% vs. 8.40 [3.11, 13.06]%, P < 0.001) as compared to PD patients. Subgroup analysis found that tonic EMG density in MSA + RBD subgroup was higher than that in PD + RBD subgroup (55.04 [26.81, 69.62]% vs. 11.40 [8.51, 20.41]%, P < 0.001). Furthermore, no evidence of any difference in tonic EMG density emerged between PD + RBD and MSA - RBD subgroups (P > 0.05). Both disease duration (P = 0.056) and AHI (P = 0.051) showed no significant differences during subgroup analysis although there was a trend toward longer disease duration in PD + RBD subgroup and higher AHI in MSA - RBD subgroup. Stepwise multiple linear regression analysis identified the presence of MSA-P (β = 0.552, P < 0.001) and RBD (β = 0.433, P < 0.001) as predictors of higher tonic EMG density.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Tonic chin EMG density could be a potential marker for differentiating MSA-P from PD.</p>
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Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Body Mass Index , Electromyography , Methods , Multiple System Atrophy , Diagnosis , Parkinson Disease , Parkinsonian Disorders , Polysomnography , Retrospective StudiesABSTRACT
<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Hypoparathyroidism-deafness-renal dysplasia (HDR) syndrome is an autosomal dominant disorder primarily caused by haploinsufficiency of GATA binding protein 3 (GATA3) gene mutations, and hearing loss is the most frequent phenotypic feature. This study aimed at identifying the causative gene mutation for a three-generation Chinese family with HDR syndrome and analyzing auditory phenotypes in all familial HDR syndrome cases.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Three affected family members underwent otologic examinations, biochemistry tests, and other clinical evaluations. Targeted genes capture combining next-generation sequencing was performed within the family. Sanger sequencing was used to confirm the causative mutation. The auditory phenotypes of all reported familial HDR syndrome cases analyzed were provided.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>In Chinese family 7121, a heterozygous nonsense mutation c.826C>T (p.R276*) was identified in GATA3. All the three affected members suffered from sensorineural deafness and hypocalcemia; however, renal dysplasia only appeared in the youngest patient. Furthermore, an overview of thirty HDR syndrome families with corresponding GATA3 mutations revealed that hearing impairment occurred earlier in the younger generation in at least nine familial cases (30%) and two thirds of them were found to carry premature stop mutations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>This study highlights the phenotypic heterogeneity of HDR and points to a possible genetic anticipation in patients with HDR, which needs to be further investigated.</p>
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Child , Female , Humans , Male , GATA3 Transcription Factor , Genetics , Genotype , Hearing Loss , Genetics , Hearing Loss, Sensorineural , Genetics , High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing , Hypoparathyroidism , Genetics , Mutation , Genetics , Nephrosis , Genetics , PedigreeABSTRACT
This study was designed to investigate the effect of digoxin on migration and invasion of human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cells and its possible mechanism. MKN45 cells were treated with different concentrations of digoxin for 24 h. The shRNA-AEG-1 plasmid was transfected into MKN45 cells via lipofectamine to block the expression of astrocyte elevated gene-1 (AEG-1). Western blot was used to analyze the protein levels of matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9), E-cadherin and AEG-1. The result showed that digoxin reduced the abilities of migration and invasion (P < 0.05), up-regulated the protein level of E-cadherin (P < 0.05), and down-regulated the protein levels of MMP-9 and AEG-1 (P < 0.05) in MKN45 cells in a dose-dependent manner. Compared with shControl group, shAGE-1 group showed inhibited cellular migration and invasion, higher expression level of E-cadherin, and lower expression levels of MMP-9 and AEG-1. These results suggest that digoxin suppresses the migration and invasion of human gastric carcinoma MKN45 cells in a dose-dependent manner through inhibiting the expression of AEG-1, and then resulting in the up-regulation of the protein expression of E-cadherin and the down-regulation of the protein expression of MMP-9.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in 2012 and 2014,and to explore the preventive effect of the second dose of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) in mumps in Shandong province.Methods On the basis of certain model assumptions,a Space State model was formulated.Iterated Filter was applied to the epidemic model to estimate the parameters.Results The basic reproduction number (R0) for children in schools was 4.49 (95％ CI:4.30-4.67)and 2.50 (95％CI:2.38-2.61) respectively for the year of 2012 and 2014.Conclusions Space State model seems suitable for mumps prevalence description.The policy of 2-dose MuCV can effectively reduce the number of total patients.Children in schools are the key to reduce the mumps.
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Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of mumps in 2012 and 2014,and to explore the preventive effect of the second dose of mumps-containing vaccine (MuCV) in mumps in Shandong province.Methods On the basis of certain model assumptions,a Space State model was formulated.Iterated Filter was applied to the epidemic model to estimate the parameters.Results The basic reproduction number (R0) for children in schools was 4.49 (95％ CI:4.30-4.67)and 2.50 (95％CI:2.38-2.61) respectively for the year of 2012 and 2014.Conclusions Space State model seems suitable for mumps prevalence description.The policy of 2-dose MuCV can effectively reduce the number of total patients.Children in schools are the key to reduce the mumps.
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Objectives@#To explore the association between the polymorphism of persistent obesity and genetic variations in the LEP (human leptin gene, LEP) and LEPR (leptin receptor gene, LEPR) genes and different molecular subtypes of breast cancer.@*Methods@#All 703 female patients of breast cancer diagnosed by histopathology in the Sichuan Cancer Hospital or the West China Hospital, excluding patients with metastatic breast cancer or mental disease, were selected as cases from April 2014 to May 2015. At the same time, 805 healthy women received physical examination in medical examination center of Sichuan People Hospital or Shuangliu maternal and child health care hospital, excluding those with therioma, breast disease, and mental disease, were enrolled in control group. A uniform questionnaire was used to collect general information including demographic characteristic, reproductive history height, weight, and so on. And the obesity status in recent 10 years was judged. Time of Flight Mass Spectrometer was used to determine the genotypes of LEP rs7799039, LEPR rs1137100 and LEPR rs1137101, while the multinomial logistic regression analysis was conducted to estimate the effect of risk factors related to breast cancer in different molecular subtypes; and then, the association between polymorphism of persistent obesity, the LEP, LEPR genes and breast cancer of different molecular subtypes was analyzed by binary logistic regression models.@*Results@#The average age of controls was (48.98±8.83) years old, while the age of cases of TNBC, Luminal A, Luminal B, and HER-2+ were (51.43±11.33), (49.94±10.10), (49.73±9.38), (50.50±9.04) years old, respectively. The frequency of genotype LEP rs7799039, LEPR rs1137100 and LEPR rs1137101 in control group was separately 74.8%(1 157/1 546), 83.6%(1 339/1 602) and 88.4%(1 416/1 602); while 77.6% (1 074/1 384), 82.4% (1 155/1 402) and 87.9% (1 232/1 402) respectively in case group. Compared with non-persistent obesity subjects, the persistent obesity ones showed an increased risk in TNBC (OR=3.58, 95%CI: 1.90-6.72), Luminal A (OR=2.65, 95%CI: 1.35-5.21) and Luminal B (OR=1.90, 95%CI: 1.26-2.89) breast cancer. LEP rs7799039-AA was relevant with the upward risk of Luminal B independently (OR=1.30, 95%CI: 1.00-1.69). Besides, persistent obesity was found to have a combined effect on Luminal B (β=3.34, 95% CI: 1.00-11.12) with LEPR rs1137101-GG.@*Conclusion@#Persistent obesity could increase the potential risk of TNBC, Luminal A and Luminal B breast cancer. Women who were suffered from persistent obesity with a genotype of LEPR rs1137101-GG were more susceptible to Luminal B breast cancer.
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Objective@#To explore the effects of X-ray repair cross complementing gene 1 (XRCC1) polymorphism and low dose ionizing radiation exposure on radiology professionals’ peripheral blood lymphocyte micronucleus.@*Methods@#A matched case-control study was designed. From 2013 to 2015, 1 102 radiology professionals with micronucleus test rusults, and 45 cases with present micronucleus were enroled into case group. 180 diagnostic radiology technicians detecting no micronucleus were chosen as control group, cases and controls were 1∶4 mached on gender, age ≤40 or >40 years old. According to the detection of micronucleus levels (0‰, 1‰, 2‰) , the objects of our study were divided into the reference group, the low detection group and the medium detection group. The form of radiation workers’ occupational health examination was used to collect the general baseline of the research objects, history of smoking, drinking, poisonous and harmful material exposure, past medical history, accumulated illuminated dose and lymphocyte micronucleus rates (‰) , etc. Using restriction fragment length polymorphism polymerase chain reaction (RFLP-PCR) technology for genotyping; Compared the baseline data and radiation exposure level between the differentmicrokernel detection groups; Adopted multivariate logistic regression to analysis the combination effect of XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and accumulated illuminated dosefor micronucleus rate.@*Results@#The accumulated illuminated dose in the reference group, the low detection group and the medium detection group were (23.44±15.23) , (21.76±2.56) , (24.22±18.61) mSv, respectively. There was no statistically significant difference among the groups (P>0.05) . Under the dominant inheritance mode, after adjusted age, smoking and drinking factors, the results suggested that XRCC1 Arg399Gln micronucleus medium detection group compared with the reference group, Arg399Gln-GG as reference, Arg399Gln-GA+AA decreased the occurrence of micronucleus (OR=0.175, 95%CI: 0.036-0.848) . Arg194Trp and Arg280His did not affect the incidence of micronucleus (P>0.05) . Did not find the combination effect of XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism and accumulated illuminated dose for micronucleus rate (P>0.05) .@*Conclusion@#XRCC1 Arg399Gln gene polymorphism can affect the incidence of micronucleus, and carrying the XRCC1 Arg399Gln-GA+AA genotype is a protective factor of micronucleus’s occurrence, but low dose ionizing radiation may not affect the occurrence of micronucleus independently.
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<p><b>BACKGROUND</b>Few studies have addressed whether abnormalities in the lenticular nucleus (LN) are characteristic transcranial sonography (TCS) echo features in patients with primary dystonia. This study aimed to explore alterations in the basal ganglia in different forms of primary focal dystonia.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>cross-sectional observational study was performed between December 2013 and December 2014 in 80 patients with different forms of primary focal dystonia and 55 neurologically normal control subjects. TCS was performed in patients and control subjects. Multiple comparisons of multiple rates were used to compare LN hyperechogenicity ratios between control and patient groups.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Thirteen individuals were excluded due to poor temporal bone windows, and two subjects were excluded due to disagreement in evaluation by sonologists. Totally, 70 patients (cervical dystonia, n = 30; blepharospasm, n = 30; oromandibular dystonia, n = 10) and 50 normal controls were included in the final analysis. LN hyperechogenicity was observed in 51% (36/70) of patients with primary focal dystonia, compared with 12% (6/50) of controls (P < 0.001). Substantia nigra hyperechogenicity did not differ between the two groups. LN hyperechogenicity was observed in 73% (22/30) of patients with cervical dystonia, a greater prevalence than in patients with blepharospasm (33%, 10/30, P = 0.002) and oromandibular dystonia (40%, 4/10, P = 0.126). LN hyperechogenicity was more frequently observed in patients with cervical dystonia compared with controls (73% vs. 12%, P < 0.001); however, no significant difference was detected in patients with blepharospasm (33% vs. 12%, P = 0.021) or oromandibular dystonia (40% vs. 12%, P = 0.088).</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>LN hyperechogenicity is more frequently observed in patients with primary focal dystonia than in controls. It does not appear to be a characteristic TCS echo feature in patients with blepharospasm or oromandibular dystonia.</p>
Subject(s)
Adult , Aged , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Blepharospasm , Diagnostic Imaging , Corpus Striatum , Diagnostic Imaging , Cross-Sectional Studies , Dystonic Disorders , Diagnostic Imaging , EchoencephalographyABSTRACT
Objective To evaluate the clinical training outcomes from two clinical practice modes for undergraduate students. Methods Total two grades 2009 and 2010,150 undergraduate students were randomly divided into two groups: 69 students in group A and 81 students in group B. The synthetic teaching mode was applied in group A,and group B received the traditional teaching mode. The Objective Structure Clinical Examination (OSCE)and a written comprehensive examination were used to evaluate the training outcomes by T test analyzed by SPSS 17.0(α= 0.05). Results The theoretical level of 2009 grade students was better than that of 2010 grade (P 0.05). There were no significant differences between two groups in theoretical and clinical training(P > 0.05). Comparing with the 2010 grade,the theoretical level of the 2009 was better,but the clinical skill level was weaker. Conclusion Synthetic teaching mode and traditional teaching mode both achieved good outcomes. In order to obtain better comprehensive progresses,the two teaching modes need to be combined. The orientation by following the requirements of oral practicing qualification examination may enhance the clinical skills of the students.